The River Between

The rule of 72, the rule of 70 and the rule of 69 are methods for estimating an investment’s doubling time. The number in the title is divided by the interest percentage per period to obtain the approximate number of periods (usually years) required for doubling. Although scientific calculators and spreadsheet programs have functions to find the accurate doubling time, the rules are useful for mental calculations and when only a basic calculator is available.These rules apply to exponential growth and are therefore used for compound interest as opposed to simple interest calculations. They can also be used for decay to obtain a halving time. The choice of number is mostly a matter of preference, 69 is more accurate for continuous compounding, while 72 works well in common interest situations and is more easily divisible.

Rate	Actual Years	Rule of 72	Rule of 70	Rule of 69.3	E-M rule
0.25%	277.605	288.000	280.000	277.200	277.547
0.5%	138.976	144.000	140.000	138.600	138.947
1%	69.661	72.000	70.000	69.300	69.648
2%	35.003	36.000	35.000	34.650	35.000
3%	23.450	24.000	23.333	23.100	23.452
4%	17.673	18.000	17.500	17.325	17.679
5%	14.207	14.400	14.000	13.860	14.215
6%	11.896	12.000	11.667	11.550	11.907
7%	10.245	10.286	10.000	9.900	10.259
8%	9.006	9.000	8.750	8.663	9.023
9%	8.043	8.000	7.778	7.700	8.062
10%	7.273	7.200	7.000	6.930	7.295
11%	6.642	6.545	6.364	6.300	6.667
12%	6.116	6.000	5.833	5.775	6.144
15%	4.959	4.800	4.667	4.620	4.995
18%	4.188	4.000	3.889	3.850	4.231
20%	3.802	3.600	3.500	3.465	3.850
25%	3.106	2.880	2.800	2.772	3.168
30%	2.642	2.400	2.333	2.310	2.718
40%	2.060	1.800	1.750	1.733	2.166
50%	1.710	1.440	1.400	1.386	1.848
60%	1.475	1.200	1.167	1.155	1.650
70%	1.306	1.029	1.000	0.990	1.523